VI Standard English Notes

VI STD   ENGLISH

UNIT I

SEA TURTLES

Warm up:

1.      Have you seen turtles?  Where do they live?

Yes, I have seen turtles.  They live at sea.

No, I have not seen turtles.  They live at sea.

2.      What do you know about turtles?

Turtles are diapsids of the order Testudines (or Chelonii) characterized by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribsand acting as a shield "Turtle" may refer to the order as a whole (American English) or to fresh-water and sea-dwelling testudines (British English).The order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. The earliest known members of this group date from 220 million years ago,making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than snakes or crocodilians. Of the 356 known species alive today, some are highly endangered.

3.      Why do you think the turtles in the picture have names such as Leatherback and Hawksbill?

Leatherback and Hawksbill are the existing species of turtles.

SECTION 1

Put a ()                                      ( Text pg 87)

Glossary: (Text page 87,90, 92)

Are these statements right?   (Text page 91)

ADDITIONAL MEANINGS:

1.      Zoo  - zoological park where animals and birds are protected

2.      Surprising – wondering

3.      Entire – whole

4.      Huge – very big

5.      Entirely – completely, wholly

6.      Connection – link

7.      Ashore – on the shore of land from the direction of the sea

8.      Extremely – very, extraordinarily

9.      Rare – uncommon

10.  Commonly – very often, frequently

11.  Nesting –fitting inside each other

12.  Phenomenon – event, happening

13.  Simultaneously – at the same time

14.  Gracefully  -  attractively

15.  Effortlessly – without use

16.  Haul -  pull, drag

17.  Laboriously -  taking considerable time and effort

18.  Chooses – selects

19.  Scoops – dips

20.  Cavity – empty space

21.  Camouflages – hides, conceals

22.  Tossing – throwing

23.  Incubate -  keep warm

24.  Scent – perfume, sweet and good smell, pleasant smell

25.  Hatchling -  young one emerged from egg

26.  Snout -  projecting nose and mouth of  a mammal

27.  Dash – move towards

28.  Prey – victims

29.  Predators – enemies

30.  Estimate – calculate

31.  Mysteries – wonders, puzzle

32.  Fascinating – attracting, interesting

33.  Decade – ten years

34.  Grave – serious

35.  Factors – reasons

36.  Threaten – make afraid

37.  Trapped – caught

38.  Accidentally  - by chance

39.  Systematically – orderly

40.  Tackling – managing

41.  Threats – dangers

42.  Ensure – make certain

43.  Exist – live

Fill in the  table given below: (Text Pg 92)

S. No	Problems faced by the hatchlings	Effect	Solution
1.	Pollution	Survival  of sea turtles becomes difficult	Reduce the usage of plastics
2.	Predators	Eat hatchlings within the first few days  of their lives	Should be protected by environmentalists
3.	Human activities	Hunted by human beings for meat	Strict marine laws should be enforced

READ AND UNDERSTAND: (Text pg 92, 93)

VOCABULARY:

Find any five words related to sea from the text.  (Sections I & II).  Write them below.  Then use the words to frame sentences of your own.

Eg:  beach          We like to play in the sandy beach

1.      Marine – I want to study Marine Engineering

2.      Coastal  - The coastal areas of Tamilnadu will receive considerable rainfall.

3.      Oceans – Pacific ocean is one of the oceans.

4.      Ashore –  The Crocodile came ashore.

5.      Sea   -  Youngsters must be careful while they are going to sea.

Fill in the blanks with words that convey the  correct meaning of the sentenceLText Pg 93)

D.  Use the clue and fill in the crossword puzzles:  (Text Pg 94)

E. Listen to the flash news.  Read the questions given below

SPEAKING :  (Text pg 95)

Ans:  The boys belonging to the Volunteers of the SSTCN saw Olive Ridley hatchlings on the shore.  As soon as they saw it, they collect it in a basket and protect it from predators.  They enjoy their days by spending with it.  After some time they release olive Ridley hatchlings into the sea.

USE GRAMMAR

G.  Make meaningful sentences from  the table given below:

A turtle lives in the  sea.

A turtle is huge.

Turtles have a connection with the land.

Turtles are found in coastal water.

Turtles are wonderful creatures.

A turtle has flippers to swim.

H.  Write a suitable sentence for the picture given below:

A boy drinks milk.

Suddenly the glass slipped from his hand and is broken.

The boy is walking towards his school.

He reached the school.

There he met his classmate Sathya.

She lost her bag.

Match the two halves of the sentences and read them. (Text Pg 97)

WRITING:

Similarities	Differences
Both belong to reptile family	Tortoise is land animal whereas turtle is a sea animal.
Both live for many years	Tortoise uses tiny feet to walk but Turtle uses flippers to swim.

K.  A turtle as well as belongs to reptile family.  Tortoise lives in land but turtle lives in sea.  Both the turtle and tortoise have long life.  Using tiny feet, Tortoise walk but Turtle uses flippers to swim.  Tortoise eats grass, weeds and flowers.  Turtle eats insects and bugs.

CREATIVE WRITING:

FISH

There are many animals  living in the sea.  There are many wonders in the life of sea animals.   In the ocean we can see many different colors of fish.  They vary in size.  Many varieties of rare species can be seen.  They live in the dip sea.  Still there are many mysteries under the sea.

POEM 

THE CROCODILE

Warm Up:

What do crocodiles eat?  Talk about it.

Crocodiles are carnivores, which mean they eat only meat. In the wild, they feast on fish, birds, frogs and crustaceans. At the zoo, they eat small animals that have already been killed for them, such as rats, fish or mice. They also eat live locusts.

GLOSSARY:  (Text Pg 99)

B.  Choose the rhyming words from the box and  write them in the  correct blanks: (Text Pg 100)

1.  Claws, jaws, caws, paws

2. grin, in, din, thin

3. crocodile, Nile ,file, while

4. tail, scale, nail, mail

C. Read the lines and answer the questions below:  (Text Page 100)

1.  ‘He’ refers to the Crocodile.

2. The Nile is the river.  It is in Egypt.

3. The crocodile welcomes the fish to eat them.

   “With gently smiling jaws” is the line that tells us that the crocodile is hungry.

    D.  Work in pairs. Share your answers with your partner.

1. What is the poem about?

    This poem is about crocodile.

2. How does the crocodile’s tail look?

The crocodile’s tail looks shining.

4.      What does ‘improve his tail’ mean?

It means making better than before.

5.      How does he spread his claws?

He spreads his claws neatly.

6.      Why does he welcome little fishes?

He welcomes little fishes in order to eat them.

7.      Which line talks about the crocodile’s mouth and his shape?

The fifth line of the poem talks about crocodile’s mouth and his shape.

WRITING

E. How does the poet say about the crocodile?  Write in your own words. (in about fifty words)

  How Doth the Little Crocodile..." is a children's poem by Carroll that discusses the looks of a crocodile. It uses the rhyme scheme ABAB in both stanzas. At first, he talks of how his scales are so shiny from the waters of the Nile. The second stanza speaks of his grin and claws are cheerful but powerful as they eat fish. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter..

SUPPLEMENTARY

OWLIE

A.     Identify the character //speaker:

1.      Owlie’s gone  - Payal to her Mom or Mother

2.      She opened one eye and then the other -  Owlie

3.      Don’t panic -   Mom to Payal

Additional:

1.      “Where she would have gone”?   Mom to Payal

2.      ‘she was right there sleeping in her cage a little while ago’  - Mom to Paya;

3.      ‘But she’s there now. – Payal to Mom

4.      ‘And, Mom, the door to the garden is open now’  Payal to Mom

5.      ‘What shall we call her’  - Payal to Mom

6.      “You choose a name”  - Mom to Payal

7.      “How about Owlie” ?  _ Payal to Mom

8.      “You’ve killed her”  - Payal to Mom

9.      “Oh, What have I done”  - Mom to Payal

10.  “The poor little bird”  - Mom to Payal

11.  “who left the garden door open?”  Payal to Mom

12.  How will we find Owlie?  _ Payal to Mom

13.  “She must be somewhere around”  Mom to Payal

14.  “Well, now Owlie has gone, we may as well leave the doors open and air the room”  - Mom to Payal

15.  “Why don’t you find yourself a good book to read?” Mom to Payal

16.  “Okay” – Payal to Mom

17.  “She’s back”  - Payal to Mom

18.  “Don’t you ever give me a fright like that again”  - Payal to Owl

B.      Choose the correct answer from the options given:

1.      The Owlet was ………………..(brown and grey / white and grey)

2.      In Payal’s family, they were all ………….. (non-vegetarian / vegetarian)

3.      The cage was shifted to the …………….(library / living room)

Additional:

1.      Payal’s house was full of ………….. (abandoned people /abandoned animals)

2.      Owlie was brought  by ………… (Shefali Didi / Payal’s classmate)

3.      Payal ordered for half a kilogram of ……………. (minced meat / vegetables)

4.      ……………… feeds the owl by softening the meat. (Payal / Payal’s Mom)

5.      Owlie was a …………… owlet.  (spotted / matured)

6.      …………..took over the job of looking after Owlie. (Payal’s Mom / Payal)

7.      Owlie was always fell asleep during ……….. (day/ night)

8.      ……………. Hoped secretly that owlie would come if the doors were kept open. (Payal / Payal’s Mom)

9.      Curio is none other than ………… (Owlie / Eagle)

10.  Payal found Owlie on ……… ( the attic / a shelf)

C.      Read the passage and answer the questions: (Text page 104)

1.      Payal and her mother wanted to burry Owlie as there was no sign  of breathing of Owlie.

2.      Owlie opened one eye and then the other.

3.      Payal learnt that her pretending to be dead to defend against danger.

D.     Rearrange the following jumbled sentences in the correct order: (Text Page 104)

1,6,4,5,3,2

E.     Discuss in pairs.  Then write the answers:

1.      What kind of a girl was Payal?  What did she like?  How did she behave with animals and people?

Payal was an exciting girl.  She liked all the creatures including dogs, cats and baby birds.  She behaved with animals and people very kindly and gently.  She is affectionate towards all creatuees.

2.      Do you think Owlie was happy to be with Payal?  Give reasons for your answer.

Yes, I think Owlie was happy with Payal.  Payal took her to the library.  She did not open  

PROJECT:

F.       Listen to the teacher read the passage.  Then write a paragraph on Students’ Turtle Walk Chennai 2017.

Students of Chennai have been rescuing sea turtles and Olive Ridleys since 1987.  Between January and March the sea turtles came ashore to lay eggs.  At that time students go at night and collect the eggs and keep it safely.  After 45 days they are driven to the sea.  During the weekends the students conducted a walk for interested people.  This is meant for protection for environment not for entertainment.

Connecting to self:  (Text Pg 105)

Steps to Success:  (Text Pg 105)

UNIT 2

WHEN THE TREES WALKED

Warm Up:

A.       Describe the picture .

This picture is about the banyan tree.  In this picture we can see a huge banyan tree.  There are many children playing under the tree.  The children enjoy very much/This is the national tree of our country.

B.      Discuss and answer.

1.        What are the children doing?

                   The children are playing under the banyan tree.  Some children climb up the tree.  Some other children swing.  One boy is reading a book sitting one of the branches.  Another boy is climbing  on another boy and try to pluck the fruit.

2.      Would you like to be in their place?  If so what would you enjoy the most?

Yes, I would like  to be in their place.  I would enjoy swinging the most.

SECTION 1

Discuss and answer:  (Text page 110)

1.       When did the garden become a happy place for the author?

As soon as grandfather joined the author it became a happy place for the author.

2.       What are the two reasons the author gives for the  plants moving towards grandfather?

One reason is the scientific explanation for the plant’s behavior – something to do with light and warmth perhaps.  Another reason is that the tree wanted simply to be near grandfather.

3.      Why does the writer think that the Peepul tree is a great show off?

Even when there is no breeze, their broad-chested, slim-waisted leaves will spin the tops determined to attract the attention and invite one to the shade.  Hence it is a great show off.

Glossary:  (Text Pg 110)

Additional Meanings:

1.       Beside – by the side of

2.      Noticed – watched, observed

3.      Tendril – a slender thread like appendage

4.      Creeping -  crawling, move on all the four sides

5.      Vine – a climbing woody stemmed plant

6.      Behavior – attitude

7.      Drawing – pulling

8.      Beneath – under

9.      Lonely – feel alone

10.  Vigorous – strong

11.  Preferred – chose

12.  Constantly – repeatedly

SECTION II

Discuss and answer:  (Text Page 112)

1.      Why do we need trees?  List four reasons that Grandfather gives.

Trees are necessary for animals and birds to get food and shelter.  Moreover trees are necessary for human beings to keep the desert away, to attract him, to prevent the banks of rivers from being washed away, for fruits and flowers, leaf and seed.

2.      Why did the author help his grandfather plant trees?

The thought of a world without trees became a sort of nightmare to the author.  So he helped his grandfather plant trees.

3.      What made Grandfather plant saplings on the rocky islands?

The growth of a small mango tree on the rocky islands made grandfather plant saplings there.

GLOSSARY: (Text Pg 112)

ADDITIONAL MEANINGS:

1.      Content – satisfied, fulfilled

2.      Jungle – forest, wood

3.      Desert – dry region

4.      Prevent – avoid

5.      Timber – wood

6.      Enthusiasm – interest

7.      Spare – save

8.      Sheltered – protected

9.      Far – away, distant

10.  Completely – wholly, entirely

SECTION III

Discuss and answer:

1.       What did Grandmother feel about trees growing in the house?

Grandmother felt very happy about trees growing in the house.

2.      Why did the author leave the town?

During the Second World War the author left the town to join boarding school.

3.      How did Grandfather’s dream become true?

Grandfather wished to plant more trees.  He was surprised at a mango tree growing in the desert.  After returning from boarding school the author could see multiplication of trees that they had planted a long ago.  Thus the grandfather’s dream became true.

4.      Describe what the author saw when he went back to the island.

In the month of February  the author looked across the dry water course with a spectacular red blooms of the coral blossom.  In contrast with the dry river bed, the island was a small green paradise.

Glossary:  (Text Page 114)

Additional Meanings:

1.      Sprang – grew

2.      Remove – cut

3.      Crossly – interrupting

4.      Boarding school – a school with hostel facilities

5.      Several – many

6.      Spectacular – magnificent

7.      Paradise – heaven

8.      Noticed – observed

9.      Seemed – appeared

10.  Whispered – murmured

11.  Beckoned – called

12.  Multiplied – grew many times, increased

A.      READ AND UNDERSTAND:  (Text Pg 115)

B.      Read the story on your own.  Discuss in a group and complete the map below. ( Text Page 116)

C.      Work in groups of five/  Tell the story in ten sentences. (Text Pg 116)

You can begin the story like this.

·         The author’s grandfather served in the Indian Army Service.

·         After his retirement he built a bungalow on the outskirts of Dehradun.

·         He planted almost all the trees around the house.

·         There was a peepul tree existed already.

·         Grandmother wanted to cut it but grandfather refused to cut.

·         Grandfather is not satisfied with planting trees within  the house.

·         So he went to  the jungle and planted the trees.

·         He always talked about the needs of trees.

·         In the meantime the author went to boarding  school.

·         When he returned after some time the author saw trees multiplied and realized his grandfather’s dream came true.

L. Look at the punctuation of these sentences.  Why are they punctuated differently?  Discuss in class. (Text Pg 120

1. One always felt like drawing close to him.

    Here O is capitalized as it is the first letter of the first word.  We should always begin with capital at the beginning of the sentence.

Since it is an assertive or declarative or statement it must be ended with end point or full stop.

2.But no one ever comes here!

  The sentence begins with capital and since it is an exclamatory sentence we have to put mark of exclamation at the end of the sentence.

3.Who’s going to see them?

    In this sentence the contracted form of ‘is’ used.  So an apostrophe is used.

4.Come here.

 Since it is an imperative sentence we have to begin with capital letter and end with full stop or end point.

WRITING: (Text Page 121)

O.  Look at the picture and write a paragraph using the clues in the picture.

GROW AND PROTECT TREES

Growing trees are very important and indeed it is indispensable too.  Trees are home to different birds and insects.  The uses of tree are innumerable.  They give us medicine.  They give us fruits.  Trees also provide shade.  Trees prevent soil erosion and landslies.  They bring rain.  They absorb carbon di oxide and give out or emit Oxygen.  Moreover they keep the temperature low.

CREATIVE WRITING:   (Text Page 122)

Look at the picture and write a story.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful forest. There lived two trees, named Chintu and Pintu, who were brothers. Chintu and Pintu had many friends like the rabbit and his brothers, the group of monkeys, the family of birds, the Bunky bear and the wise old wolf.

One day, all the friends were chatting. Suddenly Pintu saw a WOODCUTTER coming toward the forest. Pintu said “Hey look a WOODCUTTER is coming towards the forest! Run! Run!”chintu said to the animals. But no one ran. They said “You give us food, shelter, you give us fresh air to breathe. How can we leave you in danger and go?” Chintu and Pintu thanked them.”OK you all hide behind us” said the two brother trees. So the monkeys and the birds hid inside the leaves of the tree and the other animals hid behind the tree.

Woodcutter was very confused because there were many trees to cut. Suddenly he saw Chintu and Pintu, the huge trees. He said “Be ready to be cut you trees.” The wise old wolf had already told his plan to animals. When the woodcutter came near the trees, the group of monkeys jumped on him and started imitating him, then the family of birds started pecking him, then the rabbit and his brothers started jumping around him and the Bunkey bear started roaring.

When all animals were busy at their work, the wise old wolf ran to the lion king. The wise old wolf told the king what he had to do. So they ran to where all the animals were. The king roared and the woodcutter ran for his life. Chintu and Pintu said “thank you”.

Later the woodcutter thought “I never thought that trees give animals so many things like food, shelter etc…” and decided not to cut trees.

Friends this a message to not cut but plant more trees because there is less forest on our land and it is becoming less and less only. So please save forest.

Moral of the Story: Save Tree, Save Forest, Think for the Nature.

POEM     TREES

Warm Up:

This is the picture of banyan tree.

No,  I haven’t  seen the Adyar Banyan tree.  I would like to visit Adyar because I want to see the huge tree and want to know how it grows strong and how it gives shelter to all.

Vocabulary : (Text Page 124)

A.     Find the describing words given in the poem

Read and Understand:

B.      Answer the following:

a.      What does the peepul do?

The Peepul shakes quickly in the gentle air.

b.      How does the  coconut tree grow?

The coconut tree grows straight and tall.

c.       What does the tamarind give>

The tamarind gives us pleasant shade.

d.      What is as sharp as blade?

The leaf of dates is as sharp as blade.

e.      What does the teak tree give us?

The teak tree gives us useful wood.

CREATIVE WRITING:

C.      Read the acrostic poem on “Friend”.  Write an acrostic poem like this on “Tree”

Tree

They help produce the air we breathe

Rustle their leaves soothingly on a windy day

Early birds sing from their branches

Each one is a home for many...

APPRECIATING THE POEM:

D.   Work in pairs.

Discuss with your  partner and pick out the rhyming  words in the  poem:

Trees, breeze

Tall, small

Shade, blade

Wood, good

SUPPLEMENTARY

The Apple Tree and the Farmer:

f.Think and answer:  (Text Page 128)

1.  which part of  the story do you like? Why?

  I like the end part of the story because all the animals and birds made a commotion.  The farmer’s daughter with  her friends came and taught her father a lesson.  On realizing the importance  of the trees the farmer stopped cutting down the trees.

2.if the little animals become homeless what  will happen?

   If the little animals become homeless they will face many  dangers.  Men hunt them easily.  Slowly all the species will become extinct.

3.What made the farmer realize his mistakes?

   When the farmer started to cut the tree, there was a commotion.  It was created by all the little animals, birds and insects that lived in the tree came rushing down.  On seeing this the farmer’s daughter came there with her friends.  She requested not  to cut down the tree.  This made the farmer realize his mistakes.

UNIT 3

A Visitor from Distant Lands

B.Answer these questions:  (Text Page 139)

1.  Who first brought these vegetables to India?

     The Portuguese brought these vegetables to India.

2.who came to India from Portugal in search of pepper?

   Vasco da Gama came to India from Portugal in search of pepper.

3.what did Amma mean when she said tomatoes, ladies’ fingers and corn came from other countries?

   Amma meant that there are many vegetables whose origin was foreign nations.

c. Read the cartoon strip again

1. Which are the foreign vegetables mentioned?

    Potaotes, corn, tomatoes and ladies’ fingers are the foreign vegetables mentioned.

3.   What was sad for Columbus?

Columbus  was actually looking for India.  He wanted to buy black pepper.  Instead he found South Africa and Chilli.  This was sad for Columbus.

D.Discuss in groups and share your views in  three or four sentences with others in  the class.

What is your favourite dish?  Do you know the spices that go in to it?

My favourite dish  is pongal.  It is well cooked by my mother.  My mother adds black pepper as a whole.  She did  not grind it  into powder and mix it.  Earlier she compelled us to have pepper and realized the importance of it.  Nowadays I eat with muck likeness.

L.  My mother washes the rice with pure water.  She rinses it well and keeps it dry for some time.  She adds two cups of water for 1 cup rice.  She keeps it in the pressure cooker for three whistles.  After two whistles she simmer the stove and let for the third whistle.  Then she takes off the cooker and after 10 minutes she  opens the  cooker and serves the rice with  sauce.

POEM

I Dream Of Spices

READ AND UNDERSTAND          (Text Page 146)

A.   Answer the following questions:

1.    Who is Raj?

Raj is a little boy.

2.   Where did Raj’s mother send him?

Raj’s mother sent him to the store.

3.   Who is Muthu?

Muthu is the  owner of grocery shop?

4.   What did mother ask Raj to buy?

Mother asked Raj to buy cinnamon, beetel leaves, ginger and garlic.

5.   What did Raj buy?

Raj bought Sesame seeds, onions, tomatoes and pickles.

E.   Tell the story of the poem in three or  four sentences with the help of the pictures given below:

One day mother called Raj and asked him to  go  to the shop to buy spices.  The boy went to the shop and asked some vegetables.  He returned home.  On seeing the things, mother twisted the ears of the  boys.  It hurt him.

SUPPLEMENTARY:

Spices of India

IN TEXT QUESTIONS:  (Page 149)

How do you think the expansion of the spice trade set the stage for a new world?

   Many exciting voyages were made to conquer the spice trade.  These voyages ended the very profitable trade that the Arabs and Romans had built up over the centuries.  Thus they set the stage for a new world.

What are those spices that the world wanted so badly?

Ginger, mace and pepper are those spices that the  world wanted so  badly.

A.   Answer the following questions:

1.    Why do we add spices to food?

We add spices to  food to balance nutrition and to keep us healthy.

2.    Which spices are used a lot in Indian  food?

Cumin, mustard, pepper, cloves, fennel, cinnamon and turmeric are the spices used a lot in Indian food.

3.    Which parts of plants are collected as spices?

Flowers, leaves, roots, bark, seeds and bulbs are the parts of plants collected as spices.

4.    What are the uses of spices?

Spices add falvours to the food.  Because of spices there was a flourishing trade in India from other countries.

5.     What happened after Columbus discovered America?

Chilli was found instead of pepper after Columbus discovered America.

E.Talk in groups:  (Text Pg 152)

Yes, I usually eat all the food served to me. But earlier I used to throw curry leaves and pepper from the dishes such as Pongal and Upma.  I avoided eating cooked vegetables but my teacher made me eat all types of  food. We should avoid corn based food such as parathas.  Also we should avoid more spicy food and some masala items. 

The school management should list out the menu to be brought by students and they should be monitored by the teachers concerned. 

Yes, I saw many beggars are in need of food.  I helped them by giving my food.

We should not throw any healthy thing from our food.  We should not waste food.